Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• uniformity. WSxM software was used to carry out AFM image analysis. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) was used to study the local work function of the WOx films. WOx samples were removed from the high-vacuum environment right before the KPFM measurements to avoid any contamination in air. For KPFM

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• necessary to switch from Olympus “Analysis” to the Evident (formerly Olympus) “Stream” software package for image analysis. The changes resulted in an adjustment to the grey value filtering methodology and minor adjustments to the cutoff values for shape factor and convexity because of changes in an

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• ImageJ software as an image analysis tool. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed in a Nicolet NEXUS 670 spectrometer. The resulting spectra were recorded in transmission mode in the wavelength range of 500–4000 cm−1. A Raman spectrometer (MacroRAM, Horiba) was used to investigate the

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• different types of nanoparticles and BNZ, including SLN and NLC [21]. The NLC-BNZ formulation was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm the presence of nanoparticles showing a spherical morphology and a narrow distribution of sizes (Figure 1). Image analysis through ImageJ [22

• increasing in the third month up to 155 nm. The Z-average parameter was chosen to report the nanoparticles size. The size values were consistent with the TEM image analysis. The zeta potential (ζ) was measured by Doppler anemometry and operated as a report of the formulation surface characteristics. The

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• inhibition zone sizes for E. coli and C. albicans. Both total (i.e., sample and inhibition zones together) and sample areas are measured by image analysis with the diameter of the Petri dish as the distance reference). Neat inhibition area was defined as the difference between total and sample areas. The 3

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• open air at room temperature and the grids were placed in a box protected from dust. Statistics from image analysis were performed over at least 300 multipods or 200 chains. The ζ potential value of 1-PSN aqueous dispersions (pH ≈5.7) was measured using the Malvern Zetasizer 3000 HS setup (Malvern

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• X-ray spectrum analysis confirms the 1:1:1:1.5:1.5 stoichiometric ratio of, respectively, Ag, Zn, Ga, S, and Se. These two results indicate the formation of I-II-III-VI3-type alloyed crystals (AgZnGaS1.5Se1.5 nanocrystals). TEM image analysis reveals the QD nature of the synthesized Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• -house designed software for image analysis (Magn3t) together with a brief description of a newly designed image filtering utility. Further, a validity check of the software on fully resolved (simulated) input data is shown. The efficiency of the software is finally shown on a real-life, magnetite

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• synthesized according to our earlier study [25] and TEM image analysis of Nα-Lys-NG demonstrated that the nanogel is more irregular in shape and collapses in the dry state (Figure 1b). This can be the result of the softer structure of Nα-Lys-NG nanogel with Dn values in the range of 50 to 180 nm. Stimuli

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• numbers [50]. One of the most popular methods employed for determining fractal dimensions is the box-counting method. In this, N square grids each of edge length ℓ are placed over an actual optical image or scanning electron micrograph (SEM) with the help of image analysis software. The fractal dimension

• were estimated using image analysis software. Nano/microscale spheres, cubes, or polyhedra have been applied also as gas sensors. However, these geometries are not discussed in detail in this article due to absence of repeated growth units at different length scales. The interested readers are directed

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• determined using a threshold analysis in the image analysis program FIJI. The measured width of the stripes ranges from 70 to 150 nm. The corresponding FSD measurement (Figure 7j) shows that these stripes are closely related to differences in the sample topography. A TEM lamella was prepared from the top

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• , various branches of machine learning have been the key facilitators in forging new paths, ranging from categorizing big data to instrumental control, from materials design through image analysis. Deep learning has the ability to identify abstract characteristics embedded within a data set, subsequently

• (segmentation) is used as a good reference for image analysis approaches, that is, cell counting or tracking, and protein localization [12]. The segmentation can be performed as a “semantic segmentation”, which classifies image pixels into specific categories, while “instance segmentation” additionally segments

• could fire when a vertical edge is observed. Artificial neural networks are now applied to various tasks in image analysis such as image classification, object detection, image retrieval, and segmentation. A subset of ANNs, deep neural networks (DNNs), uses a set of algorithms in machine learning based

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• methods are effective for AFM image analysis and training data generation; however, it takes a lot of time to get a complete image of a sample surface. Molecular simulation imaging generally simulates the interaction of tip atoms in a point-to-point scan of a sample. An image contains hundreds of pixels

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• File 1, Figure S3). Image analysis revealed a blocking of Tr internalization after cell exposure to CPZ and MDC, inhibitors of CME, although the effect of MDC was less pronounced. A substantial reduction of ChT internalization was found after cell exposure to F and N, inhibitors of CavME; the effect of

• contrast, none of the CavME inhibitors reduced significantly the entry of BSA-SO-MNPs into A549 cells. CME as the predominant entry pathway of BSA-SO-MNPs into A549 cells was confirmed quantitatively (by AAS) as well as qualitatively (by image analysis), two standard methods commonly utilized to monitor

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• between gold and silver (Figure 7). HAADF and EDS-STEM image analysis revealed that the column was mainly constituted of gold surrounded with silver. This suggests that the migration of silver to the upper surface might have resulted from a grain-boundary diffusion mechanism. Indeed, in thin films silver

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• measured by AFAM at room temperature. Immunofluorescence and image analysis After 48 h, the L929 cells were fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde solution for 15 min. Subsequently, the cells were washed three times with PBS. The cytoskeletons of the L929 cells were stained green by phalloidin (Alexa Fluor

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• is necessary to reframe the above concepts within the field of image analysis. The simplest type of digital image is a binary image, that is a squared (for the sake of simplicity) S × S discrete matrix M of pixels where each pixel can have black or white colour. In this case the fractal object will

• dimensions would be the same. In the present work we have chosen to use grey-scaled versions of the AFM images to perform the multifractal analysis, which has been implemented by means of the FracLac plugin [39] of the image analysis software ImageJ [40]. In fact, in the grey-scaled AFM images the interval

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• hydrogels. Figure 1b shows an image of the pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogels at high magnification. Using statistical image analysis of the SEM images, the typical size of the hydrogels was determined to be 787 ± 81 nm. To bind the negatively charged THPC gold nanoparticles to the surface of the hydrogel particles

• deposited on clean silicon wafers and thoroughly dried at room temperature overnight before obtaining the SEM images. The images at low magnification were taken to demonstrate good dispersion. The image analysis for size distribution was carried out using ImageJ software. Bare pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• as follows (within the uncertainties): silica nanoparticles: (DFmin ≈ HAFM) < DFmax PSL nanoparticles: (DFmin ≈ DFmax) > HAFM In order to ensure that the measured difference is not due to image analysis processing, the profiles of PSL and FD304 NPs have been measured and are presented in Figure 7 and

• are not due to image analysis processing but may come from other phenomena discussed below. Possible origin of the observed discrepancies From the results detailed above, several hypotheses have been discussed regarding the discrepancy observed between AFM and SEM measurements. Here, the main question

• : specific standards, a custom-written software for image analysis and processing compatible with both microscopy techniques, and a branded repositioning system. This latter makes it possible to directly measure the same set of NPs by using two different microscopy-based techniques (AFM and SEM). These two

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• diameter and standard deviation were inferred from image analysis of ca. 350–400 particles using ImageJ software and correlated to the microstructural information (mainly crystal size and micro-strain-induced lattice deformation) inferred from Rietveld analysis of the XRD data using MAUD software [26]. The

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• deducted from SEM images. One has to determine silver coverage or thickness for which a Ag path across the image/sample is formed. This can be performed through for example image analysis techniques. In the set of our nine samples we do not have a sample “at percolation”. The percolation would happen for a

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• ramé-hart contact angle goniometer and DROP image analysis program. The organic and inorganic molecules used as precursors in the current study. The growth rate of the QCM systems as function of (a) length of TTIP pulse, (b) TTIP purge, (c) organic precursor pulse (thymine – black square, uracil – blue

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• taken with 0.8 Hz scan rate using a silicon probe (k = 40 N/m, r = 10 nm) from Bruker AFM Probes [36]. Image analysis and measurement of length, width and height of the HAp particles was performed with the Gwyddion software [37]. The tip-broadening error was removed by using a method described by Kacher

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• permittivity of 2.6 was obtained that fit with the experimental data (0.08% error) (Table 1). Step A: PS + 100 nm Al2O3 and PS + 100 nm SiO2 (shell calibration) In step A (Figure 5 – shell calibration), the average topography profiles obtained by AFM image analysis (Figure 8a) between PS + 100 nm Al2O3 and PS

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• ][25]. But the IBD method differs from MBE. Therefore, it remains relevant to research the vertical stacking of QDs grown by using IBD. In the beginning, ST#1 samples were studied. The statistical analysis by the threshold tool in the Image Analysis 2.1.2 program showed that the density of QDs in the